Ramadan 101: 10 Facts to Understand the Holy Month

muslims celebrating ramadan
Photo by Rayn L

As Ramadan 2025 approaches, you may be hearing more about this sacred Islamic observance, but do you really understand it? Beyond fasting, Ramadan is a time of spiritual reflection, community, and self-discipline, observed by millions of Muslims worldwide. Here are 10 essential facts about Ramadan—what it is, why it matters, and how it’s observed:


The Dates Change Every Year

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Ramadan follows the Islamic lunar calendar, meaning its start and end dates shift each year. In 2025, Ramadan is expected to begin on the evening of February 28 and last until March 30th, depending on the sighting of the crescent moon. Since the lunar calendar is about 11 days shorter than the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan moves earlier each year. This means that over time, it cycles through all seasons, bringing unique challenges and experiences depending on the time of year.

Fasting Is About More Than Food

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Fasting, or sawm, is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, and during Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn until sunset. This means no food, no water, no smoking, and no sexual activity during daylight hours. But Ramadan isn’t just about what you’re not consuming, it’s about practicing self-restraint, gratitude, and spiritual discipline. Fasting serves as a reminder of those who are less fortunate and encourages empathy and self-reflection.

It Commemorates a Sacred Revelation

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Ramadan isn’t just a month of fasting; it marks the time when the Quran was first revealed to Prophet Muhammad. Muslims believe that during this month, the gates of heaven are open, the gates of hell are closed, and blessings are multiplied. It’s a time of increased prayer, devotion, and seeking closeness to God.

The Night of Power Is the Most Sacred Night

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Somewhere in the last ten nights of Ramadan Laylat al-Qadr, or the Night of Power takes place. It’s believed to be the night when the Quran was first revealed, making it the holiest night of the year. Muslims spend this night in deep prayer, as it is believed that worship on this night is more powerful than a thousand months of worship. The exact date is unknown, but many believe it falls on the 27th night of Ramadan.

Charity Is a Huge Part of Ramadan

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Photo by TIMO

Fasting goes hand in hand with charitable giving. Muslims are encouraged to be extra generous during Ramadan, donating money, food, and resources to those in need. Zakat, the obligatory form of charity, is often paid during this month, but many also give Sadaqah, voluntary charity, by donating to local shelters, feeding the hungry, or simply performing kind deeds.

Suhoor and Iftar: The Two Daily Meals

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Photo by Zak Chapman

Since Muslims fast all day, they eat two main meals. Suhoor is the pre-dawn meal eaten before the day’s fast begins. It’s meant to be nutritious and filling to sustain energy throughout the day. Fitar is the meal that breaks the fast at sunset. Many Muslims break their fast with dates and water, following the tradition of Prophet Muhammad. After that, they enjoy a full meal, often with family and friends. It’s a communal experience, with mosques and community centers often hosting free meals for those who need them.

Not Everyone Has to Fast

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Photo by Thirdman

While fasting is a key part of Ramadan, it’s not required for everyone. Certain groups are exempt, including children who haven’t reached puberty, the elderly, pregnant, nursing, or menstruating women, people with medical conditions, and travelers. Those who can’t fast for temporary reasons make up for the missed days later, while those who can’t fast at all may instead donate food or money to the needy as an alternative.

It’s a Time for Extra Worship

muslim women praying

Photo by Alena Darmel

Beyond fasting, Ramadan is a deeply spiritual time. Muslims increase their prayer, read the Quran more often, and attend Taraweeh, special nightly prayers held at mosques. These prayers only happen during Ramadan and involve reciting long passages of the Quran. Many Muslims also set personal religious goals, like completing the entire Quran or focusing on personal self-improvement.

It Strengthens Community and Family Bonds

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Ramadan brings people together—literally. Families gather for iftar, mosques host communal meals, and many people spend more time with loved ones. It’s also a time of forgiveness and reconciliation, where people are encouraged to resolve conflicts, mend broken relationships, and practice kindness.

It Ends with a Grand Celebration: Eid al-Fitr

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After a month of fasting, Ramadan concludes with Eid al-Fitr, or "The Festival of Breaking the Fast." It’s one of the biggest celebrations in Islam, marked by a special morning prayer at the mosque, feasting with family and friends, gift-giving, especially for children, and giving to charity so everyone can celebrate, regardless of financial status. Eid is a joyful time of gratitude, togetherness, and new beginnings, as Muslims reflect on their month of fasting and spiritual growth.

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