In The Community
It’s practically undeniable that Reggaeton has now become synonymous with Latin urban culture. Rooted in Caribbean and Latin American rhythms, Reggaeton has transformed the global music scene in the last decade or so. Yet its history goes way back and is one of cultural amalgamation and erasure, particularly of Afro-Latino artists who played a crucial role in its birth and evolution.
Reggaeton traces its roots back to the 1970s in Panama, where Afro-Panamanian musicians began experimenting with reggae en Español – a Spanish language version of Jamaican reggae. This was largely influenced by the Jamaican workers who migrated to Panama for the construction of the Panama Canal and brought their music with them.
Panamanian artist La Atrevida, also known as Rude Girl, rose to prominence in the early 1990s by introducing Spanish-language reggae, with many of her lyrics addressing issues within the Afro-Caribbean community.
The genre's evolution continued in Puerto Rico in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Here, reggae en Español fused with American hip hop and native Latin American music styles, creating a unique sound that would later be termed "reggaeton." Key to this evolution was the "dembow" rhythm, derived from Jamaican dancehall music.
But despite reggaeton's deep-rooted connection to Afro-Latino culture, there has been a consistent marginalization and erasure of Afro-Latino voices from the genre's mainstream narrative. In the early years of reggaeton, Afro-Latino artists, including El General, Vico C, and Tego Calderón, were instrumental in shaping the genre.
And even though Ivy Queen is often hailed as the "Queen of Reggaeton," she's just one component of a broader, vibrant landscape of numerous Afro-Latina pioneers. Women like Lisa M, La Sista, La Atrevida, and Glory have all significantly contributed to shaping the genre we enjoy today, yet their stories are often overlooked.
As reggaeton moved into the international limelight, it began to align itself more closely with a lighter-skinned image, frequently sidelining Afro-Latino artists. This erasure isn't just about recognition; it's about the appropriation and whitewashing of a genre. As reggaeton evolved and gained commercial success, it often shed its black roots in favor of a more marketable image. This shift has repercussions beyond just music—it's part of a broader pattern of anti-Blackness in the Latin music industry and the world at large.
One clear example of that is how J Balvin, a white Colombian reggaeton artist, was awarded Afro-Latino Artist of the Year in 2020 by African Entertainment Awards USA. As Dr. Petra Rivera-Rideau, author of “Remixing Reggaeton: The Cultural Politics of Race in Puerto Rico,” put it in a Rolling Stones article, “The Latin music industry borrows heavily from Afro-Latino cultural practices, but privileges and prioritizes white Latino artists to perform them. And that’s a historical pattern we’ve had.”
Even as the genre becomes more inclusive, with more and more women gaining recognition, Afro-Latina artists still struggle for the same visibility. This issue is not limited to reggaeton; it's a reflection of broader patterns of colorism, racism, and sexism prevalent within the music industry and society at large.
Time and time again, we have witnessed a pattern where white-presenting artists catapult to fame seemingly overnight, engaging in the same pursuits that their darker-skinned peers have been dedicated to for years. The latest example of that is Young Miko’s rise to fame, an openly queer white Puerto Rican rapper who has achieved more in 3 years than most Afro-Latina artists in the space. While Latino artists who manage to find success are a big win for Latino representation in the music industry, the obstacles Afro-Latino artists face are still an issue.
It’s still unsurprising that contemporary Afro-Latina artists like Goyo from ChocQuibTown, who not only possesses remarkable musical talent but is also a vocal advocate for the Afro-Latino community, encounter obstacles in attaining equal levels of fame and recognition compared to their white-presenting counterparts in Reggaeton, such as Natti Natasha, Anitta, Young Miko, and Rosalía. This discrepancy extends to male artists, such as Sech and Ozuna, who find themselves facing similar challenges when measured against the success of Bad Bunny.
The sexual objectification of women in reggaeton further aggravates this erasure. Music videos often depict women, particularly Afro-Latina women, as sexual objects rather than as artists or contributors to the genre. A glaring example of this is J Balvin's downright racist and sexist "Perra" video. This narrative reduces Afro-Latina women to highly sexualized, one-dimensional figures, overshadowing their talent and contributions.
Despite the challenges and hurdles, Afro-Latino urban artists continue to take up space in the industry and strive for success while championing their roots. Rising stars like Colombian Afro-Latina rapper Mabiland, who opened for Coldplay in Bogota in 2022, La Dame Blanche, Cuban rapper and flutist, and J Noa, a Dominican teen rapper who was nominated for best rap/hip-hop song at the 2023 Latin Grammys have promising careers ahead of them.
Reggaeton's popularity continues to soar on the global stage, showing just how much the world loves Latin urban music. Still, we're not telling the full story. We're overlooking the roots of the genre and the Afro-Latino artists who helped bring it to life. Isn't it time we spotlight the rich blend of influences that created reggaeton, from its start in Afro-Caribbean rhythms to its rise across Latin America? Let’s give credit where it's due to those who have added their unique experiences and personalities to its vibrant history.
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On January 23, 2024, Colman Domingo made history by becoming the first Afro-Latino to be nominated for Best Actor at the Oscars. This comes after his powerhouse performance in the biopic “Rustin,” based on the life of Bayard Rustin, a dedicated activist for racial equality, worldwide democracy, and human rights. Rustin played a key role in organizing the 1960 Washington March with Martin Luther King Jr. Still, that role was greatly overlooked because he was marginalized for being an openly gay Black man.
Domingo also became the second openly gay man to be nominated for playing an openly gay character. In addition to his Oscar nomination, he was also nominated for Best Actor at the British Academy Film Awards (BAFTA), Golden Globes Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards, African-American Film Critics Association Awards, and Satellite Awards.
As an Afro-Latino of Belizean and Guatemalan heritage, Domingo’s nomination is a huge win for the Afro-Latino community. Especially in Hollywood. Afro-Latinos around the world are underrepresented and deeply misunderstood. This is clearly reflected in the entertainment industry, where most of the Latin stars most people know are racially white, white-passing, or lighter shades of brown. Names like Sofia Vergara, Salma Hayek, Pedro Pascal, and Oscar Isaac come to mind.
This is the work of the industry’s gatekeepers, who perpetuate a very specific, stereotyped, and narrow image of what Latinos look like. Afro-Latinos don’t fit that mold, so they’re consistently left out. When they are cast, they’re stripped of their Afro-Latinidad. Rather than playing Latino or Afro-Latino characters, they end up playing Black or mixed-race characters.
This has led to the erasure of Afro-Latino stories and representation in the entertainment industry. A study on Hispanic/Latino Representation in Film from the USC Annenberg Inclusion Initiative sheds light on this very issue. The study looked into 1,600 top-grossing films from 2007 to 2022, and it found that Latino representation hasn’t improved.
When Latinos are given prominent roles, they’re stereotyped as low-income immigrants, criminals, angry and temperamental people, and they’re also sexualized. The study also shows that Afro-Latinos are particularly ignored. It was found that among the top 100 movies of 2022, only one role was portrayed by an Afro-Latina. From 2007 to 2022, only 8 Afro-Latino actors had leading or co-leading roles. So, in 16 years, only 1% of roles went to Afro-Latinos.
The lack of stories that center on Latinos is staggering, and the lack of stories that center on Afro-Latinos is abysmal. This is not due to a lack of available Afro-Latino talent, but rather to a reluctance from the powers that be to invest in developing those stories or to allow the representation of Afro-Latinidad. This begs a change, and while that’s easier said than done, progress is being made.
A big part of that progress is creating consciousness and clarity around Afro-Latinidad in the industry. The pan-label “Latino” isn’t a race. The label attempts to encompass a wide range of races, ethnicities, and cultures and Afro-Latinos are a significant part of the Latino community. As this continues to be more widely understood, Afro-Latino actors and actresses continue to encourage this awareness and clarity by having important conversations about their identity and their experience in the industry.
While there’s still a lot of work to be done, the wave of Afro-Latino talent is rising, not just in television, but also in film. Afro-Latinos have always been there, making contributions to the industry. The issue is that they haven’t been allowed to claim those contributions, but the tides are changing. As such, the fact that the Afro-Latino community is finally showing up in the entertainment industry is worth celebrating.
Supporting and raising awareness for projects that represent Afro-Latino stories is just as important as supporting and celebrating Afro-Latino actors and actresses, even if their roles don’t exactly showcase Afro-Latinidad just yet. Stars like Colman Domingo, Zoe Saldaña, Gina Torres, MJ Rodriguez, Tessa Thompson, Rosario Dawson, and Alfred Enoch, among others, deserve to hold space in the industry.
Colman Domingo’s historic Oscar nomination is an encouraging sign of how the Afro-Latino community is making strides toward more visibility and building a larger stage for future generations to showcase Latinidad in all its unique shades.
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It's time to break out the bubbly, Disney fans! The studio is making strides towards greater diversity and representation in its films with the announcement of their first Afro-Latina heroine. Ariana DeBose, a Golden Globe winner, will be playing Asha in Wish, an upcoming film that explores the origin of the iconic wishing star.
The character Asha is described as a driven and intelligent young woman who is an optimist and a natural leader. As she embarks on her journey, Asha sees the darkness in the world that others don't and strives to bring light and positivity to those around her.
The reveal of the film at the D23 Expo was met with enthusiastic applause from fans, and DeBose expressed her excitement on Instagram, saying, "The Disney kid inside me is doing cartwheels🤸🏾♀️ I can't wait for you all to meet Asha!"
The film's directors, Chris Buck and Fawn Veerasunthorn, are seasoned Disney veterans, having directed popular titles like Frozen and Moana. For Wish, they are blending traditional and modern animation techniques, incorporating both 3D CG animation and watercolors.
\u201cI am SO happy Asha has BRAIDS!!!! Like YES!!! I\u2019ve been WAITIN FOR THIS!!!! #WishMovie #Wish #Disney100\u201d— Kayla Hebbon #MOONGIRLMAGIC\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffe\u200d\ud83e\uddb1\u2728\ud83d\udefc (@Kayla Hebbon #MOONGIRLMAGIC\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffe\u200d\ud83e\uddb1\u2728\ud83d\udefc) 1682617097
In an era where diversity and representation are essential in shaping the entertainment industry, Disney's decision to promote a broader range of experiences in their storytelling is more critical than ever. We can't wait to see Asha's journey unfold and to see more diverse representation in Disney films in the future. Here's to more wishes coming true and a future where representation is the norm, not the exception.
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