In The Community
Over time, this religious celebration has turned into a celebration of Irish culture and heritage, packed with parades, good luck charms like the three-leafed shamrock, green clothes, and all things Irish, including food and drinks, particularly Irish beer. Among the countries that celebrate St. Patrick’s Day are the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Argentina, and South Africa.
The reason why so many countries in the world have thriving Irish communities is, of course, immigration. Ireland is no stranger to economic hardship, political unrest, and famine, so Irish people have immigrated by the millions in search of a better life. This is a type of life experience they have in common with Latinos.
Actually, Latinos and Irish people have a lot of connections. Here are 10 things you didn’t know about the Irish in Latin American countries:
Most of the Irish people who chose Latin America landed in Argentina
Argentina is home to the fifth-largest Irish community in the world and the largest in Latin America. In the 18th century, Buenos Aires welcomed over 50,000 immigrants from outside the English-speaking world. They moved to rural areas, working as cattle ranchers and sheep farmers, and Argentina became their home away from home. Today, their descendants still live in the country, and they have a rich history there.
The Irish built the Cuban railroad
While Cuba isn’t usually associated with Irish immigration, Irish people did immigrate there even before the 1940s potato famine. That’s because Cuba and Latin America, in general, were prime destinations for struggling laborers. One of the waves of Irish immigration to Cuba happened in 1835, when over 370 workers, most of them Irish, were sent from New York to Havana to work on the Cuban Railway Commission. While the Irish were responsible for helping develop Cuba’s infrastructure, many of them died in the process. Moreover, once the railroad was done, they were abandoned there. This led to some Irish influence in Cuba’s economic, political, and cultural development, though the available research on it is minimal.
The Irish supported Mexico during the Mexican-American War
Battle of Buena Vista, lithograph by Currier & Ives, c. 1847
During the Mexican-American War, a group of Irish immigrants, known as the “San Patricios” or “Saint Patrick’s Battalion,” played a major role. They fought alongside Mexican forces against the U.S. and were driven by a common Catholic identity with the Mexicans. The San Patricios were brave and quite skilled in artillery, so they were of great help. Unfortunately, their support wasn’t enough to avoid the turn of the war against Mexico. Eventually, most of the San Patricios were captured at the Battle of Churubusco and punished, which included execution by hanging.
Simón Bolívar asked Irish soldiers for support during independence
Painting of Simón Bolívar by Arturo Michelena 1895
Simón Bolívar, known as the "Libertador" of South America, didn’t have a smooth campaign for independence from Spanish colonialism. He found himself in difficult situations because his army lacked experience, so he asked British and Irish soldiers for support, recruiting them into his army. The British Legions were mostly Irish veterans (1,700 of them) with extensive military and combat experience. They formed several units, such as the Venezuelan Lancers and Venezuelan Hussars. The help of the British Legions was essential in the fight for independence and the birth of the new republics of South America.
An Irish doctor established the first medical school in Buenos Aires
Sculpture in Buenos Aires dedicated to Miguel O'Gorman by the artist Miguel Blas y Fábregas
Born in Ireland, Miguel O’Gorman was a part of the expedition of the first viceroy of Río de la Plata (now Argentina) in 1777. When peace was reached with Portugal, he settled in Buenos Aires at 62 years old and is considered the father of modern medicine in the country. With over 10 years of experience and a medical degree from Paris, he established the Academy of Medicine in Montevideo, the first medical school in Buenos Aires. He also focused greatly on public health measures, introducing the latest vaccination methods to prevent the spread of disease.
Eliza Lynch became the unofficial “Queen of Paraguay”
Born in Charleville, North Cork, Eliza Lynch became a symbol of resilience in Paraguay. She lost her father during the Irish famine and then fled to France with her mother where she married at 16 to a French army officer. In high society, she met General Francisco Solano López, the billionaire heir to the President of Paraguay. They fell in love and went together to South America. Though they never got married, they lived together and she became not only the unofficial “Queen of Paraguay” (loved by the people and hated by the elite), but also one of the wealthiest women in South America. After witnessing López and their son's death in battle, Lynch was imprisoned and deported to Paris, where she spent her remaining days. Eventually, she was posthumously honored for her patriotism, with her remains repatriated to South America.
Cecilia Grierson became the first female physician in Argentina
Irish Argentine Cecilia Grierson was the first woman to obtain a medical degree in Argentina and she went on to accomplish so much more. She had a remarkable life that went beyond medicine because she challenged societal norms and advocated for the inclusion of women in professions like obstetrics. She founded the School of Nurses and Massage Therapists, pioneered specialties like gynecology, and was elected president of the First International Women’s Congress. You may have heard her motto before: “Deeds. Not words,” which perfectly summarizes her legacy.
Rómulo Antonio O'Farrill Jr. became one of Mexico’s media barons
Born in Puebla, Mexico, Rómulo Antonio O’Farrill Jr. was of Irish descent and he became one of the biggest media barons in Mexico. Alongside his dad Rómulo O’Farrill Silva, he set up Mexico’s first TV station in 1949. The family also started a newspaper chain “Novedades de México,” with a sister paper “The News,” which ran until 2002 and was one of the most-read English newspapers in Latin America. O’Farrill became known as a man of vision for growth and development, no matter the challenges.
Ambrose O’Higgins’s son became the first leader of independent Chile
Ambrose O'Higgins, born in Ballynary, Co Sligo in 1720, was an Irish man who became an essential figure in the history of Chile. He rose through the ranks of the Spanish colonial imperial service and went to South America in 1756, where he helped establish communication channels between Argentina and Chile. O'Higgins's career eventually led him to become the viceroy of Lima, the highest royal official in Spanish America. His son, Bernardo O'Higgins, inherited his wealth and ideals, becoming a revolutionary leader and the first ruler of an independent Chile.
William Brown became the father of Argentina’s navy
Born in Foxford, County Mayo, William Brown was a sailor and naval commander who founded the Argentine navy and is considered one of the nation’s heroes. He played a pivotal role in Argentina’s fight for independence, securing major victories against the Spanish. Brown served Argentina his entire life in wars that followed their independence from the Spanish and then he became governor of Buenos Aires until he died in 1857. His legacy endures to this day and Admirals of the Argentine Navy wear a replica of his sword.
You Grew up Latino if You Recognize These 20 Things
Photo by Kenny Eliason on UnsplashIf you grew up in a Latino household, there are certain universal truths that you can't help but agree with. From the mystical powers of "Vivaporu" to the joyous chaos of family gatherings that always, always, start later than planned, being part of a Latino family isn't just about shared ancestry; it's about a collection of hilarious, heartwarming, and sometimes hair-raising experiences that bind us together.
The Power of Vicks Vaporub
Better known as "Vivaporu," this powerful potion could supposedly cure everything from a headache to a broken heart. It was your abuelita's answer to all ailments. Got the flu? Vivaporu. Twisted your ankle? Vivaporu. Existential crisis? Well, you get the picture.
The Fear of La Chancla
Disney's Coco
Ah, la chancla - the infamous flip flop, often wielded by moms and abuelas, ready to fly at the speed of light to discipline a misbehaving child. It was a symbol of authority that taught you how to toe the line...pun intended.
Telenovelas as a Family Affair
You know you grew up Latino when your family's schedule revolved around the air times of their favorite telenovelas. Your abuela's tears during a dramatic episode were as gripping as the overly shocking on-screen action.
The Magic Word, "Ahorita"
This elusive term could mean in five minutes, five hours, or even five days. This vague time frame was somehow universally understood, but only added to the confusion of our non-Latino friends.
Sancocho Sundays (for many Latinos as this is a regional Caribbean-inspired dish)
Photography by Culinaria Nativa del Tatamá
The tantalizing smell of a simmering pot of sancocho filling the house on a Sunday was the epitome of comfort and family time. It didn't matter if the weather was 100 degrees outside - sancocho was a year-round delight. If you're Mexican, substitute for caldo, pozole, or menudo.
Cascarones at Easter
Photography by David
The thrill of smashing what took hours of painstaking work to create beautifully decorated, confetti-filled eggs on the heads of unsuspecting cousins during Easter celebrations. The glitter aftermath? Priceless.
Living in a Novela
Conversations with your tías could sometimes feel like you're in a telenovela, complete with dramatic plot twists, excessive hand gestures, and long pauses for effect.
El Cucuy and La Llorona
Promotional poster for "Cucuy the Boogieman" movie
Forget the boogeyman, these legendary creatures were the ones who kept you in check during your childhood. Their tales were the classic scare tactics, cautioning you against staying out too late or not going to bed on time.
Fabuloso Everything
Before there were fancy scented candles, there was Fabuloso. This cleaning product was the perfume of your home, leaving an undeniable smell of a clean house.
Dancing is Non-negotiable
Merengue, Salsa, Bachata, Cumbias, Rancheras...you were probably dancing before you could walk. From family gatherings to Christmas parties, dancing wasn't just expected; it was required.
The Invasion of Tupperware
Photography by James Salvas
Any large gathering meant you were going home with a random assortment of Tupperware filled with leftovers, from arroz con pollo to frijoles negros.
Blasting Music on Cleaning Day
Saturday morning cleaning sessions weren't complete without a booming soundtrack of Latin hits. The louder Marc Anthony or Marco Antonio Solis sang, the faster you mopped. And if you were trying to sleep in, the more you wondered if you'd ever be able to actually get some extra sleep on the weekend.
Quinceañeras
Sweet sixteen wasn't a thing. It was a grand quinceañera - a dazzling celebration of culture, family, and the journey to womanhood, or nada.
Morning Rituals with Cafecito
Coffee wasn't just a morning beverage; it was a rite of passage. Sipping on the strong, sweet elixir as a family, often accompanied by pan dulce, was an experience that shaped your mornings and energized your day.
The Power of the Sobremesa
The art of lingering around the table after a meal, sharing stories, and cracking jokes. A simple dinner could easily extend into the wee hours of the night.
Being Late is On Time
Arriving "fashionably late" was just a normal part of family gatherings. An invitation for 6 PM? It was universally understood that meant 7 PM or later.
No Secret is Safe
News traveled faster than light in your family. Before you even got a chance to announce something, everyone already knew. The chisme express was always running. From engagements to pregnancy announcements, your family was the original social media.
The Respect for Saints and Spirits
A house full of religious icons, saints, and the ever-watchful ojo protector. Your childhood was a blend of Catholicism and ancient superstitions.
Packed Cars on Road Trips
Photography by Mark Hodson
Family road trips weren't just for your immediate family. They also included cousins, aunts, uncles, and sometimes even neighbors. And don’t forget, everyone always brought enough food to feed a small village and hand-me-downs to give away.
Love is Louder
Above all, the loudness wasn't just about volume. It was about passion, vibrancy, and love. From booming laughter to fiery debates, everything was done full-heartedly.
Here's to the loving chaos, the unforgettable memories, and the strong sense of community and tradition that is growing up Latino.
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The Arrival of Carnival in Latin America
Photo by Ugur Arpaci on UnsplashThe roots of Carnival can be traced back to Europe, where pre-Lenten festivals were celebrated as a way to indulge before the 40-day fasting period of Lent. The festival, introduced by Spanish and Portuguese conquistadors in the 16th and 17th centuries, was originally a religious and seasonal celebration marking the end of winter and the transition into spring. However, when Carnival was introduced in the Americas, it quickly evolved under the influence of all the different cultures of the region.
Indigenous communities incorporated their own rituals and symbolism into the festivities, often blending them with Catholic traditions. African influences were introduced through the rhythms, dances, and masquerade traditions of enslaved people brought to the continent. Over time, these elements merged, transforming Carnival into an expression of identity, joy, and even resistance, with each country developing its own unique interpretation of the celebration. For example, in Brazil, the blending of European, African, and indigenous cultures can be seen in the samba music, feathered costumes, and dance styles of the Rio Carnival.
Carnival became a form of cultural resistance and awakening, particularly in the Caribbean, where it contributed to cultural decolonization and political independence. In many places, Carnival was a way for oppressed communities to subvert social order and express freedom.Carnival Across Latin America: A Unique Blend of Traditions
Photo by Daniel Lloyd Blunk-Fernández on UnsplashThe fusion of cultures in Latin American Carnival is evident in its music, dance, costumes, and spiritual traditions, which reflect a diverse heritage. The rhythms of samba in Brazil, soca in Trinidad, cumbia in Colombia, murga in Argentina, and Andean pan flute in Bolivia all stem from African influences blended with European instruments and indigenous beats.
Elaborate costumes and masks, rooted in African masquerade traditions, add layers of symbolism that often merge Catholic and Andean mythologies. Beyond the spectacle, Carnival also carries spiritual significance in many Latin American countries, including Bolivia and Brazil.
Though tied to Catholic traditions, Carnival has evolved into a broader reflection of Latin American spirituality and identity. It’s why each country has its unique traditions that reflect its unique history and cultural diversity:
Brazil: The Spectacle of Rio de Janeiro
Photo by Jordy Neves
Brazil's Carnival is the most famous in the world. Rio de Janeiro hosts extravagant samba parades featuring giant floats and thousands of dancers. Salvador’s Carnival, on the other hand, is known for its African influences, particularly in its blocos afro (street groups) and trios elétricos (musical trucks) that take the festivities beyond the parade route and into the city’s streets.
Colombia: Barranquilla’s Battle of Flowers
Photo by CAMILOFORE2 - Wikimedia Commons
The Barranquilla Carnival, the second-largest in the world, is a UNESCO-recognized festival that highlights Colombia’s cultural diversity. The Batalla de Flores (Battle of Flowers) marks the beginning of the celebration, featuring elaborate floats, traditional dance performances, and music such as vallenato and cumbia. The festivities end with the Burial of Joselito Carnaval, symbolizing a return to everyday life.
Bolivia: The Devil’s Dance in Oruro
Photo By Rotcivrosas - Trabajo propio, CC BY-SA 4.0
The Carnival of Oruro in Bolivia is one of the most spiritually significant, featuring the Diablada, or Dance of the Devils. It’s also one of UNESCO's Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. This dramatic performance, which includes hundreds of masked dancers, tells the story of the battle between good and evil, mixing Catholic and Andean religious perspectives. The festival reflects Bolivia’s Indigenous heritage, where the storytelling traditions of the Andean people really shine.
Ecuador: A Celebration of Water and Color
hozinja, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Ecuador’s Carnival incorporates both Catholic and indigenous traditions, mainly through the Pawkar Raymi festival, which celebrates the Andean New Year. One of the things that make the Ecuadorian Carnival stand out is the tradition of throwing water, flour, and even colored powders at participants—a practice rooted in indigenous purification rituals.
Argentina: Murga and Street Theater
TitiNicola, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Argentina’s Gualeguaychú Carnival is one of the country’s most well-known celebrations. It features elaborate parades that rival those of Brazil. Argentina’s Carnival is also known for murga, a street theater tradition in which performers use music, satire, and dance to comment on political and social issues. The performances are highly energetic and rooted in working-class culture.
Venezuela: The Devils of El Callao
LHommeDuMonde, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
UNESCO has recognized El Callao's Carnival as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. It is Venezuela’s most vibrant and popular celebration. The roots of the Carnival can be traced to its Afro-descendant population, specifically the communities of enslaved Afro-Venezuelans and working-class immigrants from Trinidad who labored in the gold mining region of El Callao. The Carnival runs from January to March and features parades and concerts, where thousands of people take to the streets.
Dominican Republic: A Carnival with Political Commentary
Idobi, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
The Dominican Carnival includes elements of African heritage and European masquerade traditions, with Califé as one of the most recognizable figures. Califé is a satirical character who mocks politicians and public figures. It originated in the 1940s and was created by a tin worker named Inocencio Martínez and delivers poetic, theatrical commentary on current political, social, and cultural issues. By combining artistic expression with social commentary in this way, the Dominican Republic's Carnival uses festivity as a means of cultural resistance, celebration, and critique.
Carnival as a Symbol of Latin American Identity
Jorge Mejía peralta from Managua, Nicaragua, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Carnival is not just a great time, it’s an expression of cultural identity and history. Across Latin America, it has transcended its religious origins to become a moment of collective celebration, artistic expression, and even activism, with each country bringing its own perspective.
For many, Carnival represents a time when the barriers of social class, race, and history momentarily dissolve, making space for shared traditions and community. It highlights Latinos' ability to embrace their complex history and transform it into something joyful, beautiful, and uniquely their own.
So, whether it’s the grand spectacle of Rio or the intimate traditions of a small town like El Callao in Venezuela, Carnival is a celebration of heritage and Latin American spirit.
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